Algorithms and Measures
Gait and Mobility
Gait and mobility disorders are major causes of falls and predict future falls more consistently than other identified risk factors.
Gait and Mobility
Impaired mobility is the inability to control and maintain body position during sitting, standing, walking and climbing stairs while performing activities of daily living. ActiGraph technology can objectively quantify mobility and gait, both during supervised, in-clinic tests and continuously in a real-world environment. Objective measures of posture, gait and overall mobility from digital health technologies can reveal subtle changes in movement characteristics that may not be obvious otherwise – sometimes years prior to a clinical diagnosis. Assessment of fall-risk and detection of falls in real world are also where wearables can provide insights into physical wellbeing of people with chronic diseases with impaired mobility.
Commonly Used mobility Measures
- Walking Speed
- Stride Velocity
- Real-World 6-Minute Walking Distance (RW-6MWD)
- Fall Detection
- Fall Risk
GAIT AND MOBILITY | SENSORS | ACTIVITY MONITORS | ||
Measures | Accelerometer | Gyroscope | Wear Location | Supported |
Step Count | Wrist, Lumbar | All | ||
Cadence | Wrist, Lumbar | All | ||
Gait Speed | Wrist, Lumbar | All | ||
Distance | Wrist, Lumbar | All | ||
WB Cadence, Speed, Distance | Wrist, Lumbar | All | ||
Spatiotemporal | Lumbar | All | ||
Stride Duration | Lumbar | AG LEAP, GT9X | ||
Stride Cadence | Lumbar | AG LEAP, GT9X | ||
Stride Velocity | Lumbar | AG LEAP, GT9X | ||
Stride Length | Lumbar | AG LEAP, GT9X | ||
WB Duration | Lumbar | AG LEAP, GT9X | ||
No. of Strides per WB | Lumbar | AG LEAP, GT9X | ||
WB Cadence, Speed, Distance | Lumbar | AG LEAP, GT9X |
Mobilise-D Licensed Algorithms | WB - Walking Bout
GAIT AND MOBILITY |
Measures |
Step Count |
Cadence |
Gait Speed |
Distance |
WB Cadence, Speed, Distance |
Spatiotemporal |
Stride Duration |
Stride Cadence |
Stride Velocity |
Stride Length |
WB Duration |
No. of Strides per WB |
WB Cadence, Speed, Distance |
Mobilise-D Licensed Algorithms | WB - Walking Bout
SENSORS | |
Accelerometer | Gyroscope |
Mobilise-D Licensed Algorithms | WB - Walking Bout
ACTIVITY MONITORS | |
Wear Location | Supported |
Wrist, Lumbar | All |
Wrist, Lumbar | All |
Wrist, Lumbar | All |
Wrist, Lumbar | All |
Wrist, Lumbar | All |
Lumbar | All |
Lumbar | AG LEAP, GT9X |
Lumbar | AG LEAP, GT9X |
Lumbar | AG LEAP, GT9X |
Lumbar | AG LEAP, GT9X |
Lumbar | AG LEAP, GT9X |
Lumbar | AG LEAP, GT9X |
Lumbar | AG LEAP, GT9X |
Mobilise-D Licensed Algorithms | WB - Walking Bout
Researchers can capture digital mobility outcomes using the most up-to-date and clinically validated1 Mobilise-D algorithms supported by ActiGraph’s state-of-the-art device hardware and innovative software platform. The Mobilise-D consortium, a collaboration of over 300 research partners during a 5-year project, generated device-agnostic, validated digital mobility measures to advance research and care in healthy and disease populations such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS) and proximal femoral fracture (PFF).
1. Validation References
Micó-Amigo, M., Bonci, T., Paraschiv-Ionescu, A. et al. Assessing real-world gait with digital technology? Validation, insights and recommendations from the Mobilise-D consortium. J NeuroEngineering Rehabil 20, 78 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-023-01198-5
Mazzà C, Alcock L, Aminian K, et al. Technical validation of real-world monitoring of gait: a multicentric observational study. BMJ Open 2021;11:e050785. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050785
A. Soltani et al., "Algorithms for Walking Speed Estimation Using a Lower-Back-Worn Inertial Sensor: A Cross-Validation on Speed Ranges," in IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, vol. 29, pp. 1955-1964, 2021, doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2021.3111681.
Lynn Rochester, Claudia Mazzà, Arne Mueller, Brian Caulfield, Marie McCarthy, Clemens Becker, Ram Miller, Paolo Piraino, Marco Viceconti, Wilhelmus P. Dartee, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Aida A. Aydemir, Beatrix Vereijken, Valdo Arnera, Nadir Ammour, Michael Jackson, Tilo Hache, Ronenn Roubenoff, on behalf of the Mobilise-D Consortium; A Roadmap to Inform Development, Validation and Approval of Digital Mobility Outcomes: The Mobilise-D Approach. Digit Biomark 8 December 2020; 4 (Suppl. 1): 13–27. https://doi.org/10.1159/000512513
GAIT AND BALANCE | WEAR LOCATION | ||||
Measures | Wrist | Waist / Hip | Ankle | ||
Step Count | |||||
Cadence | |||||
Gait Speed | |||||
Step / Stride Length | |||||
Stride Velocity | |||||
Temporal | |||||
Distance | |||||
6MWD | |||||
Symmetry |
Accelerometer
Gyroscope
Bilateral Recording